Features of total and longitudinal body sizes in men with benign nevi

The use of anthropometric markers to predict the onset or severity of the disease is key to solving the problem of preventive medicine and can be an indispensable tool in preventive examinations in schools, universities and industries. The purpose of the study was to establish total and longitudinal body sizes in men of the first mature age with benign nevi. Anthropometry (determination of total and longitudinal body sizes) was performed according to Bunak's scheme for men (aged 22-35 years) patients with melanocytic benign simple nevi (n=34), melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi (n=27), melanocytic benign congenital nevi (n=14) and non-melanocytic benign nevi (n=17). As a control from the data bank of the research center of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya selected total and longitudinal body sizes of 82 practically healthy men of the same age group. Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package "Statistica 5.5" using non-parametric evaluation methods. It was found that the mass and surface area of the body in healthy men is lower than in patients (except for dysplastic nevi), and in patients with dysplastic nevi lower than in patients with non-melanocytic nevi; the height of the suprathoracic, acromial and finger anthropometric points in healthy men is lower than in patients with nevi (except for the height acromial point in patients with dysplastic nevi), and the height of the pubic and acetabular anthropometric points in healthy men is greater than in patients with simple (only pubic point) and dysplastic nevi; in addition, the height of the pubic and acetabular anthropometric points in patients with simple nevi is lower than in patients with non-melanocytic nevi and congenital nevi (only for the acetabulum height). Given the height of anthropometric points and the fact that body length between healthy and sick men has no significant or tendency differences, in sick men we observe a longer torso and shorter lower extremities (most pronounced in patients with simple and dysplastic nevi), which is a manifestation of "subpathological" constitutional types, which indicate a longer torso and shorter lower extremities.


Introduction
Perhaps the most urgent task of medicine of this century is to prevent the disease by modifying the patient's life, or if this is not possible, to alleviate the severity of the disease. However, achieving this goal from a practical point of view is currently practically impossible due not only to the high cost of the study and the requirements for the availability of modern DNA laboratory. Moreover, there can be no question of using this method as a screening among the general population.
That is why clinical anthropology is becoming more widespread, which allows to predict the risks of certain diseases [5], the severity of their course, features of psychoneurological status [3], ethnic and regional affiliation of the person [11] and so on.
In this case, anthropometry is a simple method of examination that does not require long and complex training, material resources or highly developed laboratory and instrumental facilities. Instead, physicians have the opportunity to apply the scientific advances of clinical anthropology in the examination of large masses of the population, in particular, during preventive examinations, which in the future, after processing the information obtained, will create risk groups.
One of the areas of medicine that needs such a powerful preventive tool is oncodermatology, which studies both benign and malignant skin tumors. Benign melanocytic nevi in this group of diseases occupy an important place. Their prevalence is quite heterogeneous and varies from 0.5% to 31.7% of the population in different countries; in newborns, nevi are found in one of 20,000-500,000 births; the ratio of men and women with benign nevi is about 3:2; transformation of benign nevi into melanoma occurs according to some authors in 19-21% of cases, although most authors tend to 1% [1].
In the field of external genitalia in women, the frequency of detection of nevi is 2%, which in turn is 23% of all pigmented tumors in this area. Researchers have also noted frequent cases of malignancy of these nevi with the formation of melanoma [17].
The anthropometric method has proven itself well in research on different types of cancer and their different localizations, in particular, successful data have been obtained on cancer of the head and neck, stomach, colon, pancreas, esophagus, lungs, liver, bladder, kidneys, uterus [5,9].
Given the possibility of malignancy of such benign skin neoplasms as melanocytic nevi, and the successful experience of foreign researchers to study anthropometric indicators in various cancers, there is a need to study the features of these indicators in people with benign nevi.
The purpose of the study was to establish total and longitudinal body sizes in men of the first mature age with benign nevi.

Materials and methods
Men of the first mature age (22-35 years) with melanocytic benign simple nevi (n=34), melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi (n=27), melanocytic benign congenital nevi (n=14) and melanocytic benign nevi (n=17), who underwent clinical-laboratory and pathohistological examinations on the basis of the Military Medical Clinical Center of the Central Region and the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases with a course of postgraduate education of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, anthropometry was performed according to the scheme of V.V.Bunak [7]. Diagnosis of nevi was performed according to a twostage algorithm for the classification of pigmented tumors, which was adopted at the First World Congress of Dermatoscopy (Rome, 2001) [18].
As a control from the database of the research center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya were selected total and longitudinal body sizes of 82 practically healthy men of the same age group.
Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed in the license package "Statistica 5.5" using non-parametric evaluation methods. The reliability of the difference between the values between the independent quantitative values was determined using the Mann-Whitney U-test.

Results
It was found that body weight in healthy men is significantly (p<0.05-0.001) lower than in men with melanocytic benign simple and congenital nevi and nonmelanocytic benign nevi, and in men with melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi -significantly lower (p<0.05) and tends (p=0.054) to lower values than in patients with melanocytic benign simple and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 1).
There are no reliable or tendencies of differences between healthy and sick, or between men with benign nevi (Fig. 2).
Body surface area, as well as body weight, in healthy men is significantly (p<0.05-0.001) lower than in men with melanocytic benign simple and congenital nevi and nonmelanocytic benign nevi, and in men with melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi -significantly smaller (p<0.05) and tends (p=0.075) to lower values than in patients with  melanocytic benign simple and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 3).
The height of the suprachoroidal anthropometric point in healthy men is significantly (p<0.05-0.01) lower than in men with melanocytic benign simple, dysplastic and congenital nevi and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 4).
The height of the pubic anthropometric point in patients with melanocytic benign simple nevi of men is significantly (p<0.05) lower than in healthy and patients with nonmelanocytic benign nevi of men (Fig. 5).
The height of the acromial anthropometric point in healthy men is significantly (p<0.05) lower and tends (p=0.064) to lower values than in men with melanocytic benign simple and congenital nevi and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 6).
The height of the finger anthropometric point in healthy men is significantly (p<0.05-0.001) lower than in men with melanocytic benign simple, dysplastic and congenital nevi and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 7).
The height of the acetabular anthropometric point in healthy men is significantly (p<0.01-0.001) greater than in     men with melanocytic benign simple and dysplastic nevi, and in men with melanocyte benign simple nevi -significantly lower (p<0.05) than in patients with melanocytic benign congenital and non-melanocytic benign nevi (Fig. 8).

Discussion
In the analysis of total and longitudinal body size between healthy and patients with benign nevi men found (Table 1): body weight and surface area in healthy men is significantly smaller than in patients (except for melanocyte benign dysplastic nevi); the height of the suprathoracic, acromial and finger anthropometric points in healthy men is significantly less or tends to lower values than in patients with nevi (except for the acromial point in men with melanocyte benign dysplastic nevi), and the height of the pubic and acetabular men are significantly larger than in patients with melanocyte benign simple (pubic point only) and dysplastic nevi. Given the height of anthropometric points and the fact that body length between healthy and sick men has no significant or tendency to differ, in sick men we observe a longer torso and shorter lower extremities (most pronounced in patients with melanocytic benign simple and dysplastic nevi).
In the analysis of total and longitudinal body sizes between men with benign nevi, it was found (see Table 1): body weight and surface area in patients with melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi tend to be lower than in patients with non-melanocytic benign nevi; the height of the pubic and acetabular anthropometric points in patients with melanocytic benign simple nevi is significantly lower than in patients with non-melanocytic benign nevi and melanocytic benign congenital nevi (only for the acetabulum point).
Foreign authors have obtained convincing research results that confirm the relationship between anthropometric indicators and a particular cancer type. Mexican researchers have found that height, BMI, waist, thighs circumferences and their ratio are associated with the risk of breast cancer (from p<0.001 to p<0.016) [2]. Similar data on the relationship of anthropometric parameters with the risk of breast cancer have been found in other works [12,21].
In addition, an association was found between waist circumference and BMI and the risk of ovarian cancer [4], BMI, WHR and the risk of prostate cancer [6], BMI, WHR in different age categories and the risk of pancreatic cancer [10], BMI, hip circumference and abdominal circumference in both men and women and the risk of colorectal cancer [13,22], waist and hip circumference, BMI in non-smokers and the risk of lung cancer [15], BMI, weight, hip circumference, waist circumference, W HR and the ratio of waist circumference to the growth and risk of bladder cancer [19] and BMI, WHR and the risk of thyroid cancer [20].
At the same time, studies on about anthropometric parameters in people with benign or malignant skin tumors are quite small in number, and most of the work presented in scientometric databases relate to patients with melanoma.
A long-term survey of 71,645 postmenopausal women found that 18.6% of them developed skin cancer over time. An anthropometric examination found that a body mass index (BMI) >25 kg/m 2 or a waist-to-thigh ratio (WHR) >0.80 was associated with a lower risk of skin cancer [8].
M. Kvaskoff and co-authors [14] established a relationship between the risk of melanoma of the skin and age (RR = 1.27, 95% CI=1.05-1.55 for >164 cm vs. <160 cm; p=0.02). These data were confirmed by K.D.Meyle and others [16]. They found an association between growth at age 13 and the risk of melanoma in adulthood.
Thus, the data obtained as a result of our study not only agree with the data of other foreign studies but also  Table 1. Differences in total and longitudinal body size between healthy and sick with benign nevi, as well as between sick men.
Notes: MSN -melanocytic benign simple nevi; MDN -melanocytic benign dysplastic nevi; MCN -melanocytic benign congenital nevi; NM -non-melanocytic benign nevi; or -significant differences between healthy and sick men; or -trends in differences between healthy and sick men; or -significant differences in performance between sick men; or -tendencies of differences of indicators between sick men.

Conclusions
1. Numerous differences of total and longitudinal body sizes have been established between healthy and sick men with benign nevi, which reflect the manifestations of "subpathological" constitutional types in patients, namely, a longer torso and shorter lower extremities.
2. Differences between men with different benign nevi mainly concern the shorter lower extremities in men with melanocytic benign simple nevi compared to nonmelanocytic and melanocytic congenital nevi.