Changes in the cellular composition of guinea pig’s distal airways epithelium in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation
Abstract
The problem of studying the processes of restructuring of airways epithelium of humans and animals of adaptive nature under the influence of various factors on the body remains the subject of scientific discussions. The aim of this work is to study morphometric changes in the cellular composition guinea pig’s distal airways epithelium in the dynamics of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation. We studied lung of 48 male guinea pigs, using histological, morphometric and statistical methods, under conditions of experimental ovalbumin-induced allergic inflammation, simulated by subcutaneous sensitization and subsequent intranasal inhalation with ovalbumin. The average number of epithelial cells of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles was determined: basal epithelium cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells and exocrine bronchiolar cells per unit area of 10000 μm2. We have shown the most significant reactive morphometric changes on the 23rd and 30th days of the experiment. We demonstrated a decrease of the number of basal cells (by 1.5 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) and ciliated cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.001) and an elevation of the average number of goblet cells (by 2.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in bronchioles, a decrease of the average number of exocrine bronchiolar cells (by 1.6 times compared to the control, p*/**<0.01) in terminal bronchioles. These changes are the morphological confirmation of the development of bronchial hyperreactivity as a result of the action of the allergen. Sensitization and allergization with ovalbumin cause statistically significant morphological changes in the cellular composition of small bronchi and terminal bronchioles of an alterative nature in the early period and adaptive – in the late period of allergic inflammation, corresponding to the main morphological manifestations of allergic inflammation.
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