OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY OF

ANATOMISTS, HISTOLOGISTS, EMBRYOLOGISTS AND

TOPOGRAPHIC ANATOMISTS OF UKRAINE

ВІСНИК МОРФОЛОГІЇ

REPORTS OF MORPHOLOGY

DOI: 10.31393

ISSN 1818-1295

eISSN 2616-6194

Vol. 26, №2, 2020

Scientific peer-reviewed journal in the fields of normal and pathological anatomy, histology, cytology

and embryology, topographical anatomy and operative surgery, biomedical anthropology, ecology,

molecular biology, biology of development

Published since 1993

Periodicity: 4 times a year

Vinnytsya  2020

ORIGINAL ARTICLES

ВIСНИК МОРФОЛОГIЇ - REPORTS OF MORPHOLOGY

Founded by the "Scientific Society of Anatomists, Histologists, Embryologists, and Topographic

Anatomists of Ukraine" and National Pyrogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya in 1993

Certificate of state registration КВ №9310 from 02.11.2004

Professional scientific publication of Ukraine in the field of medical sciences in specialties 221, 222, 228, 229

According to the list of professional scientific publications of Ukraine, approved by the order of the Ministry of

Education and Science of Ukraine No. 1188 of 24.09.2020 (Annex 5)

Chairman of the editorial board - Cherkasov V.G. (Kyiv)

Vice-chairman of editorial board: Chaikovsky Yu.B. (Kyiv), Pivtorak V.I. (Vinnytsya)

Responsible editor - Gunas I.V. (Vinnytsya)

Secretary - Kaminska N.A. (Vinnytsya)

Editorial Board Members:

Berenshtein E.L. (Jerusalem), Byard R. (Adelaida), Dgebuadze М.А. (Tbilisi), Graeb C. (Hof),

Gulmen M.K. (Adana), Guminskyi Yu.Y. (Vinnytsya), Herashchenko S.B. (Ivano-Frankivsk),

Juenemann A.G.M. (Rostock), Kryvko Yu.Ya. (Lviv), Ocheredko O.M. (Vinnytsya), Rejdak R. (Lublin),

Sarafinyuk L.А. (Vinnytsya), Shepitko V.I. (Poltava), Shinkaruk-Dykovytska M.M. (Vinnytsya),

Stechenko L.O. (Kyiv), Wójcik Waldemar (Lublin)

Editorial council:

Appelhans O.L. (Odessa), Bulyk R.Ye. (Chernivtsi), Gavrylyuk A.O. (Vinnytsya), Gerasymyuk I.Ye.

(Ternopil), Golovatskyy A.S. (Uzhgorod), Yeroshenko G.A. (Poltava), Kovalchuk O.I. (Kyiv), Kostylenko Yu.P.

(Poltava), Kostyuk G.Ya. (Vinnytsya), Lutsyk O.D. (Lviv), Maievskyi O.Ye. (Kyiv), Makar B.G. (Chernivtsi),

Mishalov V.D. (Kyiv), Nebesna Z.M. (Ternopil), Olkhovskyy V.O. (Kharkiv), Piskun R.P. (Vinnytsya),

Rudyk S.K. (Kyiv), Sikora V.Z. (Sumy), Skybo G.G. (Kyiv), Sokurenko L.M. (Kyiv), Tverdokhlib I.V. (Dnipro),

Tereshchenko V.P. (Kyiv), Topka E.G. (Dnipro), Fedonyuk L.Ya. (Ternopil), Fomina L.V. (Vinnytsya),

Furman Yu.M. (Vinnytsya), Sherstyuk O.O. (Poltava), Yatsenko V.P. (Kyiv)

Approved by the Academic Council of National Pyrogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya,

protocol №4 від 08.10.2020

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES

CONTENT

Veresiuk T.O., Selskyy P.R. Histological changes of the arterial bed of the hind limbs of the rats

under condition of the acute ischemia-reperfusion and correction with the carbacetam ...................................... 5

Cherepakha O.L., Gadzhula N.G., Hnenna V.O., Hrytsenko A.S. Features of translation of some

rarely used anthropometric terms from Ukrainian into English .......................................................................... 12

Nechyporuk V.M., Korda M.M., Kovalchuk O.V. Morphological changes of the liver under conditions

of hyperhomocysteinemia in the background of hypo- and hyperthyroidism ..................................................... 19

Mateshuk-Vatseba L.R., Hirniak I.I., Pidvalna U.Y. Morphological features of the wall of common

bile duct under the conditions of experimental opioid exposure ........................................................................ 26

Yasniuk М.V., Kaminska О.A., Rodinkova V.V. Grass pollen morphology investigation as a basis

for monitoring of allergenic biological particles in an automatic mode ............................................................... 32

Tymoshenko I.A., Sokurenko L.M., Yanchyshyn A.Ya., Pastukhova V.A. Comparative characteristics

of the manifestations of damage and reparative processes in the mucous membrane of the duodenum

of rats under the conditions of skin burns and skin burns associated with diabetes ......................................... 39

Bobyr V.V., Stechenko L.O., Shirobokov V.P., Nazarchuk O.A., Rymsha O.V. The role of sorbents

and probiotics in prevention of structural and morphological disorders in the small intestine of

animals developing in dysbiosis ........................................................................................................................ 45

Gunas V.I., Kotsyura O.O., Babych L.V., Shevchuk Yu.G., Cherkasova O.V. Features of correlations

of the sizes of molars with cephalometric indicators of men of the western region of Ukraine .......................... 51

Garazdiuk M.S., Dubolazov O.V., Malanchuk S.M. Use of azimuthal-invariant Mueller-matrix images

of linear dichroism of histological sections of brain substance for diagnosis of hemorrhage genesis ................ 62

Maryenko N.I., Stepanenko O.Yu. Fractal dimension of phylogenetically different parts of the human

cerebellum (magnetic resonance imaging study) .............................................................................................. 67

Professor Cherkasov Viktor Gavrylovych.....................................................................................................74

REPORTS OF MORPHOLOGY

Official Journal of the Scientific Society of Anatomists,

Histologists, Embryologists and Topographic Anatomists

of Ukraine

Histological changes of the arterial bed of the hind limbs of the rats

under condition of the acute ischemia-reperfusion and correction

with the carbacetam

Veresiuk T.O., Selskyy P.R.

I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine

The ischemic-reperfusion lesion is a complex multifactorial damage of the primary

ischemic tissues as a result of restoration of the arterial blood circulation in them,

which is accompanied by local morpho-functional reorganization of the vascular bed of

the hind limbs of the rats. One of the promising means in the treatment and prevention

of the reperfusion disorders is a carbacetam, which smooths the phenomena of hypo-

and hyperperfusion in the post-ischemic period. The aim of the study was to established

the manifestations of the morpho-functional remodeling of the vascular bed of the hind

limbs of the rats in ischemia-reperfusion and under conditions of correction with

carbacetam. Histological examination of the vascular bed of the hind limbs of 30 rats

under conditions of ischemia-reperfusion (group I) and 30 rats in the simulation of

ischemia-reperfusion, which in the post-ischemic period administered carbacetam

once a day (5 mg/kg) for 14 days (group II) were done. There were 6 intact animals in the

control group. Simulation of ischemia was performed by applying SWAT rubber

tourniquets on the hind limbs for 2 hours, and reperfusion - by removing of the tourniquet.

The animals of the experimental groups were divided into 5 subgroups with reperfusion

terms after 1, 2 hours and 1 day, as well as after 7 and 14 days. Histological examination

was performed according to generally accepted methods. The vascular bed in the

middle third of the thigh and the shin below the tourniquet was examined using a

Bresser Trino Researcher 40x-1000x microscope. Analyzing of the obtained results,

was established that after 1 hour of the reperfusion the histological changes became a

systemic, and after 1 day it were more significant. It should be noted that the thickness

of the vessel walls increased, and the elastic membranes were partially eligned, thinned

and torned. The stepwise clarity of the arterials walls structure was lost. The edema

acquired a total nature. The histological examination of the vessels after 7 days revealed

that the swelling of the walls decreased and the condition of the elastic frame was

improved. There was a proliferation of collagen fibers in the adventitia, which was a

response to ischemic effects. It is noted that after 14 days in all wall membranes the

proliferative activity of fiboblasts was remained. Under the conditions of the correction

with the carbacetam after 2 hours, the structural positive dynamics became more

pronounced and increased to a maximum level after 7 days of the experiment. The

number of the modified and exfoliated endothelial cells decreased, and the condition of

smooth myocytes increased. Histologically, the gradual restoration of endothelial

coverage of the intima was established. As follows, ischemia and reperfusion cause

vascular remodeling after 1 hour with a peak of the manifestations after 1 day of the

reperfusion, which includes edematous syndrome, dystrophic-degenerative changes

with an inflammatory response to the damage, and in the late reperfusion period increased

a fibroblasts activity. Gradual return of morphological changes occurs after 14 days of

the experiment. Under the conditions of correction, the acceleration of the remodeling

with stabilization of the process and the most possible structural restoration after 7

days of the study was noted.

Keywords: artery, remodeling, ischemia-reperfusion, elastic membranes, carbacetam.

ARTICLE INFO

Received: 15 June, 2020

Accepted: 20 July, 2020

UDC: 616.137.83/93-091.8:616-

005.4:615.214.3]-092.9

CORRESPONDING AUTHOR

e-mail: taras-o@ukr.net

Veresiuk T.O.

2020 National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya

DOI: 10.31393/morphology-journal-2020-26(2)-01

Reports of Morphology, Vol. 26, №2, Pages 5-11

ISSN 1818-1295 eISSN 2616-6194

journal homepage:

https://morphology-journal.com

ISSN 1818-1295 eISSN 2616-6194 Reports of Morphology

Histological changes of the arterial bed of the hind limbs of the rats under condition of the acute...

Introduction

Ischemic-reperfusion lesion is a complex multifactorial

process of damage and dysfunction of primary ischemic

tissues as a result of restoration of arterial blood circulation

in conditions of acute or chronic ischemia [9, 11, 13, 15, 19,

22]. Arterial ischemia is one of the main reasons for the

deterioration of the quality of life of patients, their early

disability and accounts for about 10% of all gunshot wounds

in the structure of combat trauma [5, 15]. In 67% of cases of

vascular damage at the prehospital stage, a tourniquet is

applied, which can induce reperfusion damage [4, 9, 10, 15,

22].

Recently, more and more attention in the treatment and

prevention of ischemic disorders is paid to nootropic drugs

that have metabolic, neuroprotective, antiplatelet, antioxidant

effects, as well as smoothing the phenomena of hypo- and

hyperperfusion in the postischemic period, increase

microcirculation in tissues. Among the new drugs,

carbacetam, an endogenous modulator of the GABA-

benzodiazepine receptor complex derived from β-carboline,

is markedly secreted [7, 23]. The effectiveness of its use is

shown in the work on the restoration of cognitive impairment,

reduction of endogenous intoxication and oxidative stress

in polytrauma [23].

Literature data indicate that the morphological

manifestations of the syndrome of ischemia and reperfusion

are impaired hemomicrocirculation, which is histologically

manifested by endothelial edema, leukocyte-endothelial

adhesion, hemodynamic disorders, reduction of

microvascular and arteriovenous shunting, however, morpho-

functional changes in arteries of large diameter, their

dynamics, as well as the search for means of tissue

protection remains open for further research [9, 13].

However, in reviewing the scientific and experimental

literature, we did not find any publications on the use of this

drug for the treatment and prevention of complications of

ischemia-reperfusion, which prompted an attempt to use

carbacetam to study the local correction of reperfusion.

The aim of the study was to establish the manifestations

of morphofunctional reorganization of the vascular bed of

the hind limbs of rats during ischemia-reperfusion and under

conditions of correction with carbacetam.

Materials and methods

Histological examination of the vascular bed of 60 rats

have been done.

Ischemia was modeled by applying SWAT (Stretch-Wrap-

And-Tuck) rubber tourniquets to the right hind limb of the

animal at the level of the inguinal fold for 2 hours under

thiopental-sodium anesthesia. The reperfusion syndrome

was modeled by removing the tourniquet and restoring blood

circulation in the previously ischemic limb 2 hours after

application. Observations of animals were carried out for 14

days.

During the experiment, the experimental animals were

divided into three groups:

- first experimental group (30 rats) - animals with

simulation of ischemic-reperfusion injury;

- second experimental group (30 rats) - animals with

simulation of ischemic-reperfusion damage, in which 1-oxo-

3.3.6-trimethyl-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroindolo [2.3-c] quinolines

(carbacetam) was injected intraperitoneally in the

reperfusion period for the purpose of correction at a dose of

5 mg per kilogram of body weight 1 time per day for 14 days

of the reperfusion period;

- control group (6 rats) - intact animals.

Animals of the first and second experimental groups

were divided into 5 subgroups (6 animals each). The model

of the early post-ischemic period in both groups was

presented by subgroups of animals with reperfusion

changes after 1, 2 hours and 1 day, and the model of the late

reperfusion period - by subgroups of animals 7 and 14 days

after removal of the tourniquet.

All studies were conducted in compliance with the main

provisions of the Law of Ukraine № 3447-IV of 21.02.06 "On

the protection of animals from cruel treatment" (2006) and

Council of Europe Directive 2010/63 EU on animal

experiments.

Euthanasia of animals was performed by administration

of thiopental-sodium anesthesia (500 mg/kg body weight

intraperitoneally), followed by decapitation and collection of

biological material. Soft tissue samples, together with the

vascular-nervous bundle of the hind limb of the animals,

were taken below the level of the tourniquet at the level of the

middle third of the thigh, followed by fixation, dehydration

and paraffin removal, which were performed according to

conventional methods. Prepared a series of sections with a

thickness of 4-5 μm, made on a microtome MS-2. The latter,

after dewaxing, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin,

picrofuchsin by Van Gieson's method, resorcin fuchsin by

Weigert's elastic stain method, and Heidenhain's AZAN

trichrome stain method [17]. This made it possible to obtain

differentiated tissue staining due to the heterogeneity of the

perception of different dyes by biological tissues.

Examination of the preparations was performed using a

Bresser Trino Researcher 40x-1000x microscope (serial

number 0913137). The most demonstrative histological

specimens were photographed using a Digital Camera for

Microscope Science Lab DCM 820 Resolution 8.0 Mp.

Results

Histological examination of the main arteries and veins

of the thigh and lower leg showed that the structural

organization of their walls corresponds to the generally

accepted criteria. Elastic membranes are clearly contoured

in the form of a homogeneous eosinophilic strip. Arteria of

the tibia and femur segments differ only in diameter (Fig. 1).

After 1 hour of reperfusion changes became systemic

and appeared at all levels of structural organization of blood

vessels. Rounded, due to the swelling of the cytoplasm,

endothelial cells protruded into the lumen of blood vessels,